在包括柔道在内的武术运动员中，快速减肥（RWL）的患病率非常高。许多应用的 RWL 策略可能危害健康，甚至导致死亡。因此，国际柔道联合会（IJF）对称重规则进行了修改，改变了比赛前一天的官方称重时间。因此，本研究的目的是探讨新的国际柔道联合会规则对职业柔道运动员水合状态和减肥策略的影响。十七名优秀柔道运动员参加了这项研究。比赛前分析体重和水合状态。此外，还收集了RWL调查的竞赛结果和实践。所有受试者都达到了比赛的体重类别限制。RWL 导致参与者体重变化（p < 0.001，η p 2 = 0.79）和脱水（尿液渗透压 > 700 [mOsmol * kg] -1且尿液比重 > 1.020 [g * cm 3 ] -1）。然而， 在随后的测量时间点，尿液渗透压（ p > 0.05，η p 2 = 0.18）以及尿液比重（p > 0.05，η p 2 = 0.16）没有显示出统计学差异。RWL的流行率为100%，只有17.6%的运动员表示，如果比赛在称重当天进行，他们将参加不同体重级别的比赛。所有柔道运动员均采用传统方法进行 RWL 程序，以达到所需的体重（即增加运动、减少液体和食物摄入量）。脱水状态与竞技表现无关（p > 0.05）。

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Examining the effects of pre-competition rapid weight loss on hydration status and competition performance in elite judo athletes

The prevalence of rapid weight loss (RWL) among martial arts athletes including judo is very high. Many applied RWL strategies could be dangerous to health and even lead to death. Therefore, the International Judo Federation (IJF) introduced changes in the weigh-in rules, changing the official weigh-in for the day before the competition. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the impact of the new IJF rules on hydration status and weight loss strategies among professional judo athletes. Seventeen elite judo athletes participated in the study. Body mass and hydration status, were analyzed before the competition. Moreover, competition result and practice of RWL survey were collected. All subjects reached their weight category limits for the competition. RWL resulted in body mass changes (p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.79) and dehydration among participants (urine osmolality > 700 [mOsmol*kg]−1 and urine specific gravity > 1.020 [g*cm3]−1). However, urine osmolality (p > 0.05, ηp2 = 0.18), as well as urine specific gravity (p > 0.05, ηp2 = 0.16), at subsequent time points of measurement revealed no statistical differences. The prevalence of RWL was 100%, and only 17.6% of the athletes declared that they would compete in a different weight category if the competition would be conducted on the same day of the weigh-in. All judo athletes applied RWL procedures using traditional methods to achieve the required body mass (i.e., increased exercise, reduced fluid, and food intake). Dehydration state was not associated with competitive performance (p > 0.05).